This image summarizes key steps in using a tragal flap (skin from in front of the ear) to repair the ear canal after a tumor has been removed.

This illustration was created as a proposed journal cover illustration to highlight a study of the effects of breastfeeding on the child's subsequent development of IBD.

This image was created to accompany a journal article describing the surgeon's approach to the cervical spine. Panel A describes normal anatomy, while panels B and C depict situations in which a cyst or tumor is causing the spinal vessels to shift from their normal position. This image appeared on the cover of the Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine.

In this procedure, the lateral canthal tendon is cut, in order for the surgeon to access the posterior orbit. This image was created for a CME webinar on orbital trauma.

I created this figure early on in the pandemic, as Infectious Disease clinicians were first discovering therapies for COVID-19. This image combines the cellular mechanism of the virus and the immune response to infection.

This image is part of a series created to depict the important steps in repair of a fractured coronoid process in the elbow. Appearing in a surgical journal, black and white media was required.

This illustration was created for a second-year medical school course, to introduce students to changes in anatomy in a pregnant body. I used clean lines and simple color to make the image easy to understand for a student audience.

This illustration was created for a Massive Open Online Course on Rhinosinusitis. The image orients the general public to the location of the maxillary sinus within the face, and some of the cellular structures of the sinus’ lining.

This patient has a torn ligament between the scaphoid and lunate bones in the wrist. To restore stability, the surgeon bores holes in the scaphoid to anchor sutures, and uses other ligaments and pins to strengthen the reconstruction.

This illustration accompanied an article describing a new staging system for tumors of the mandible.

This is a graphic abstract created to accompany an article that explored Covid infections in different regions of the pancreas and ties to diabetes.

When a tumor invades patient's mandible or maxilla, requiring removal of a portion of either, bones from other parts of the body (aka, 'flaps') can be used to reconstruct the patient's face. This illustration depicts the bone, muscle and blood vessels used in a scapular flap.

This illustration accompanied a case report on a patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, who had previously undergone coronary bypass surgery using the gastroepiploic artery. The surgeons needed to identify the lymph node chains of the pancreas, as some also drain the tissues surrounding the gastroepiploic artery.

This image compares normal anatomy, on the left, with a reconstructed lower lip, on the right. In this case, the patient had a tumor in his mandible, which was removed. To restore the normal contour of his lower face, the surgeon used a flap of skin and fat from his neck, a second flap from his forearm, and a sling of tough fascia from his leg. The sling was anchored on his zygomatic arches and provides stability to the flaps.

This conceptual illustration captures the multiple nesting biological systems in nature, from global to sub-atomic.